How Accurate is a Dog DNA Test?

The post How Accurate is a Dog DNA Test? by Rachel Phelps appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

Do you have a mixed-breed dog and constantly wonder what combination of breeds went together to create your uniquely awesome canine? Does that curly hair prove it is part Poodle, or do the big ears mean a relative was a Basset Hound? Maybe you asked your vet and groomer and received different guesses. If so, that is not surprising. A 2009 study funded by the National Canine Research Foundation found that when they showed dog photos to over 5,700 pet professionals, only 27% of the dogs were identified correctly.

More and more pet parents are turning to dog DNA tests to finally answer the “what breed is it” question. There are a lot of different tests on the market, so how do you know what is the most accurate dog DNA test? The dog DNA test accuracy largely depends on the size of the company’s breed database and how many DNA markers (data points) your dog’s sample will be compared against.

What is DNA?

DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid, a long molecule that carries the unique genetic blueprint information about an organism. You have probably seen graphical images of DNA showing how it is made up of two linked strands twisted around each other that look like a ladder. Making up the rungs of the ladder is a backbone of adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T), referred to as ACGT. The order and sequence of ACGT determine everything about the dog, such as his fur color, how tall the dog will be, the color of his eyes and even potential health issues. This unique combination of ACGT is the dog’s complete set of genetic information, commonly called the genome.

In 2005, the first complete domestic canine genome sequence was documented and published by the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. According to senior author Eric Lander, director of the Broad Institute and a professor of biology at MIT, “The incredible physical and behavioral diversity of dogs — from Chihuahuas to Great Danes — is encoded in their genomes. There are 2.5 million genetic differences among different breeds of dogs.” This study also revealed that a dog’s genome sequence helps determine what genetic contributors, such as cancer or other significant diseases, can affect certain breeds.

How do you collect a dog’s DNA?

Collecting your dog’s DNA is as easy as taking a swab of your dog’s cheek. DNA kits typically provide a cotton swab that you put against the inside of the dog’s cheek that you roll and rotate around to collect cells. After letting it dry for a few minutes, you put the swab back in the sleeve and mail it to the company in the provided prepaid mailing envelope.

According to Dr. Adam Boyko, the chief science officer and founder of DNA Embark, once the sample arrives at the lab, the dog’s DNA is separated from the other parts of the cells. This is achieved by washing the cells over a research-grade microarray (a microscope slide that grabs the actual DNA) to analyze it. Using a computer, your dog’s genetic code is compared to genetic makers of purebred dogs to determine your dog’s breed(s). Results are typically sent over email or by mail in two to four weeks and are usually divided into percentages based on the dog’s breed composition.

How accurate are dog DNA tests?

Dog DNA test accuracy largely depends on the size of the company’s breed database and how many DNA markers (data points) your dog’s sample will be compared against to determine his breed(s). Also, each company has different proprietary methodologies to calculate these results.

Some DNA tests also analyze for inherited diseases in the dog’s genome. This is done by looking for specific genetic sequences associated with certain diseases. A DNA test can only warn of the possible risk, not the certainty of your dog acquiring the disease. The test can tell you if your dog may be predisposed to a certain medical condition, but it doesn’t mean your dog will necessarily come down with that condition.

Also, the dog DNA testing industry lacks long-term scientific studies of mapping genetic variants to the risk of diseases. There are limited peer-reviewed studies to validate the data and a lack of funding to conduct this follow-up research. For these reasons, it is important to not make medical decisions based solely on a dog’s DNA test results. If you have any concerns about your dog’s risk for certain diseases based on a DNA test, you should consult your veterinarian.

Which dog DNA test should I purchase?

Deciding on the best DNA test for your dog can be confusing as there are many choices. Not only are there several companies offering dog DNA tests, but some companies offer multiple types of tests to choose from. Here are several factors to consider when selecting your kit.

• Your budget – Costs can range from as little as $68 to over $200 based on how extensive the testing is.
• The DNA test accuracy – Depending on the brand, dog DNA test accuracy for breed identification can range from 90% to 99%.
• The company’s breed reference database – A basic test can compare your dog’s DNA against at least 95 breeds to more than 350 based on the company’s proprietary database.
• Medical conditions and dog traits – For some brands, medical condition testing is a part of the basic test, while for others, it is an additional cost.
• Veterinarian consultations – Based on the results, you may have questions. Some brands have veterinarians you can contact for a consultation.

No one correctly guessed what breeds made up Murphy Brown’s background. His dog DNA test done by DNA My Dog seemed pretty accurate with results stating he was a mix of Chihuahua, Cocker Spaniel, Dachshund and Miniature Pinscher. ©Melissa L Kauffman

Once you have decided on your budget and what features are important to you, there are plenty of dog DNA tests to choose from. Below are details on some of the most prominent ones to help you decide on the most accurate test for your needs.

DNAmydog.com – starts at $68.99. The results are returned within two weeks and include a custom certificate with your dog’s photo stating his unique DNA composition. Also available for purchase are a geriatric age test and an allergy test.

Easy DNA – starts at $79. This company offers various animal (and human) DNA testing services. Results take two to three weeks from receipt of the samples by its lab. Results are compared against its DNA database, which comprises over 95 breeds of dogs, plus 350 breeds are offered for $109. For an additional fee, it also has disease testing, inherited disease and trait testing and allergy testing.

Embark Vet – starts at $109. Results arrive in two to four weeks. This test checks against over 230,000 genetic markers and screens over 210 genetic health risks. You may also be able to research your dog’s family tree and determine your dog’s relatives in the canine relative finder application. Embark Vet also has breed and health kits and purebred testing kits. Certain tests include a consultation with an Embark geneticist veterinarian.

OniVet — starts at $119. This test screens for genetic diseases, coat colors, breed traits and parent confirmation. The standard test compares your dog’s DNA to over 350 breeds and will give an adult weight prediction for puppies. Test results are posted online in two to three weeks. Also available is a health add-on that tests over 220 health risks and over 40 physical traits. Other tests include the mycobiome and purebred DNA tests.

Wisdom Panel — starts at $99.99. The results are ready in three weeks. This kit screens for over 350 breeds, 25 medical conditions and over 35 traits. This company has the world’s largest breed reference database. The premium kit includes 180 additional health tests and a veterinarian consultation for any notable health findings.

No matter what your dog’s DNA test reveals (and if you agree with the accuracy of the results), these tests are a fun and great way to learn more about your pup, their likely personality traits, and why they behave the way they do.

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Top Signs of Pancreatitis in Dogs and What to Do Next

The post Top Signs of Pancreatitis in Dogs and What to Do Next by Claire Primo, CVT, ACMT, FFCP appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

Many dogs will be one-time offenders for pancreatitis, while others will struggle with symptoms for their entire lives. Understanding pancreatitis signs and symptoms, the diagnostic process, as well as dietary and holistic management, are important steps toward helping your dog manage the pain.

What does the pancreas do?

The pancreas is an organ located to the right of the stomach that plays an important role in the digestive health of your dog. It produces enzymes that aid in digestion and insulin to regulate blood sugar.

Pancreatitis is defined as inflammation of the pancreas and can present acutely or become a chronic disease over time. Many times, pancreatitis is triggered by dietary intolerance and the consumption of high-fat foods. This is why veterinary emergency facilities experience an increase in pancreatitis cases around holidays, when pets typically eat more human foods. Other causes of pancreatitis include genetic predisposition, cancer, obesity, hormonal imbalance like Diabetes mellitus and certain medications. Causes of pancreatitis are often unknown.

Top signs of pancreatitis in dogs

When considering whether your dog is suffering from pancreatitis, look for the most common signs and symptoms. Symptoms of acute and chronic pancreatitis will vary in length and severity.

A veterinarian may perform an abdominal ultrasound to diagnose pancreases in your dog ©Vesnaandjic/Getty Images

Acute pancreatitis is a sudden onset of symptoms including:

• Persistent vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Inappetence or decreased appetite
• Dehydration
• Extreme lethargy

Chronic pancreatitis persists over a long period of time with symptoms including:

• Decreased appetite
• Abdominal pain
• Intermittent vomiting
• Diarrhea

Acute pancreatitis will present with severe symptoms and is more common in dogs than chronic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis may present more subtly and worsen with time. Some dogs with chronic pancreatitis will have periods where they experience more severe, acute symptoms.

How do you diagnose pancreatitis in dogs?

If your dog has pancreatitis symptoms, take him to a veterinarian to determine next steps. During the diagnosis process, you can expect:

• Examination. An exam including abdominal palpation will be the first step to diagnosing your dog with pancreatitis. Your vet will collect information about your dog’s diet, including changes in appetite, and history and frequency of vomiting. Before the visit, log these changes, so you are ready to present them during the exam. This timeline could help expedite your dog’s diagnosis and treatment plan.
• Bloodwork. Because signs of pancreatitis are often non-specific, your veterinarian may run specific blood tests, which can hone in on a possible pancreatitis diagnosis and rule out other medical conditions and contributing factors.

Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity (PLI) is the most sensitive laboratory test available for dogs with pancreatitis because it assesses lipase levels in the bloodstream. During pancreatitis, normal trace levels of lipase increase considerably. While PLI laboratory tests are highly specific, results take longer to receive than alternative in-house tests, which becomes important when treating a sick dog.

• Abdominal Ultrasound. An abdominal ultrasound is a noninvasive diagnostic that assesses organs and structures within the abdomen. This test is around 40-70% sensitive for pancreatitis in achieving a formal diagnosis. Ultrasounds rule out non-related medical conditions that may be contributing to your dog’s symptoms, as well as pancreatic tumors.
• Biopsy. If a pancreatic mass is found, it may need to be removed for testing. Biopsy is the most invasive diagnostic test and may be contraindicated (not suggested) for seriously ill patients. Discuss the details with your veterinarian and consider getting a second opinion.

What should my dog eat if he has pancreatitis?

Diet therapy is the most critical component to the prevention and management of both acute and chronic pancreatitis, and it starts with introducing a low-fat diet.

A low-fat diet can help manage your dog’s pancreatitis symptoms ©Stefan Cristian Cioata/ Getty Images

For acute pancreatitis, a low-fat diet will be an important part of your dog’s temporary treatment plan. For chronic pancreatitis, a low-fat diet will be a permanent change.

Such diet changes may include the following:

• Low-fat prescription commercial diets. These diets will require a prescription from your veterinarian. Examples of low-fat dog diets include:
• Royal Canin Veterinary Diet Gastrointestinal
• Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets Gastroenteric
• Hills Prescription Diet Veterinary Care ID
• Low-fat commercial diets. Most common commercial dog food diets include low fat options. Discuss these options with your veterinarian before use. Some examples include:
  • Wellness Core Reduced Fat
  • Blue Buffalo Life Protection Healthy Weight
  • Canidae Pure Healthy Weight
  • Instinct Raw Boost Healthy Weight
• Low-fat treats. There are many prescription and commercial low-fat treats available. Avoid high-fat table scraps or treats such as marrow bones and opt for homemade treats, such as dehydrated fruits or vegetables, instead. Examples include sweet potato, kale, green beans, carrots and apples. Avoid toxic foods such as onions, garlic and grapes.
• Home-cooked diets. Home cooking for dogs with pancreatitis is a great option because you have control over ingredients and can adjust as needed. Using an online resource such as Balanceit.com you can create a home-cooked diet specifically supportive for dogs with pancreatitis that will provide necessary vitamins and minerals.

Communicate with the people in your dog’s life. Providing house guests, family members, pet sitters, veterinary staff, trainers and groomers with alternative, safe treats can reduce pancreatitis symptoms. Environmental management, such as removing access to trash and cleaning the kitchen to prevent counter surfing, is also important.

Are there holistic treatments for dogs with pancreatitis?

According to Dr. Angie Krause, holistic veterinarian and owner of Boulder Holistic Vet, there are some holistic approaches that may support your dog through pancreatitis symptoms.

Dr. Krause’s suggestions include:

• CBD has natural anti-inflammatory properties and reduces nausea and pain. Start at the low end of CBD’s dosing range (0.25mg/kg twice daily). Find a reputable CBD product that does not include additional ingredients. Dr. Krause uses HempRx products.
• While Dr. Krause suggests all dogs take a quality probiotic, this is especially helpful for supporting the gut health of dogs with pancreatitis. Alternating probiotic strains may be beneficial. Dr. Krause uses Thorne Bacillus and RxBiotics in her practice.
• Chinese Herbs. Certain Chinese herbs can work to alleviate pancreatitis symptoms in dogs. Find a veterinarian who practices Traditional Chinese Medicine near you through the Chi Institute website.

Dr. Krause recommends starting with one diet or supplement change at a time, in order to carefully track results.

What online resources are available for pancreatitis in dogs?

Pancreatitis can be an extremely stressful disease to manage and may leave you feeling discouraged and isolated. Online resources, such as Dogs with Pancreatitis on Facebook, which has 5,000 members, connect you with other pet parents going through a pancreatitis diagnosis with their dogs. These groups are an excellent way to expand you and your dog’s team while also supporting other pet parents.

While pancreatitis is a very serious disease, many dogs who experience it will live long and happy lives! Because pancreatitis shares symptoms with many other conditions, it can be difficult to diagnose. Advocating for your dog and educating yourself will give your sick dog the voice he needs.

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How Much Does It Cost to Put a Dog Down?

The post How Much Does It Cost to Put a Dog Down? by Annie Butler Shirreffs appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

Even when our pets live long and happy lives, it’s really never long enough. The decision to let a beloved pet go is never an easy one, but if your dog is suffering, putting your dog down is the most compassionate thing to do.

What is euthanasia?

The term “putting a dog down” is common but somewhat old-fashioned and impersonal. “Putting a dog to sleep” is also commonly used. Most veterinarians and pet parents prefer the term “euthanasia.” But all of these terms boil down to the same thing: to humanely end a pet’s life in order to stop or prevent unnecessary suffering due to an incurable medical condition or injury.

How much does it cost to put a dog down?

The cost of euthanasia varies depending on where you have the procedure done and where you live. Generally speaking, rates can start anywhere from between $50 to $150, but there are other factors to consider, such as the dog’s weight and the types of instruments used. Some vets combine all these factors into one package.

Dr. Ernie Ward, an internationally recognized veterinarian and author of The Clean Pet Food Revolution, says he always believed in a single fee for euthanasia. Currently, my old clinics charge about $150 (in rural North Carolina), he says. The pets at his clinics are always sedated prior to the procedure and an IV catheter is placed to administer the euthanasia solution. Pet owners are encouraged to remain with the pet throughout the entire procedure.

Does it cost more to euthanize my dog at home?

Some pet parents opt to have the procedure done at their home, where the dog is surrounded by family and familiar sights and smells. This can cost anywhere from about $150 to upwards of $300. My sister recently had to have her beloved cat euthanized and opted to have the procedure done in her home in Los Angeles. She says the $350 procedure (and $285 cremation) was definitely worth it.

If the expense is an issue, approach veterinary service companies, charities and local veterinarians to see if they can provide euthanasia at a discount. It never hurts to ask!

Many animal shelters also offer euthanasia services. Pricing can be as low as $50 to $75 for basic euthanasia.

Should I bury or cremate my dog?

Burial is the most expensive option, which can run from about $200 to $2,000. Costs include the burial plot, casket, headstone, etc.

Dog cremation is the most popular, and less expensive, option. There are two types:

1. Communal cremation: In this process, multiple animals are cremated at one time, which means you can’t keep your dog’s ashes. This option is the least expensive, running about $30 to $70.
2. Private cremation: In this method, your dog is cremated alone, and the ashes are returned to you to keep as a remembrance. Prices can run anywhere from $175 to $250. Dr. Ward uses an outside cremation service provider for those who want it. The pet cremation service charges $175 to $285 based on the size of the pet.

There’s no way around it – choosing to end your beloved dog’s life is a hard choice, but it’s also a compassionate one when your dog is suffering and in pain. Being prepared, discussing your options and knowing the costs will help when the time comes to make this difficult decision.

The post How Much Does It Cost to Put a Dog Down? by Annie Butler Shirreffs appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

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Guide to Rawhide Chews for Dogs and the Latest Alternatives

The post Guide to Rawhide Chews for Dogs and the Latest Alternatives by Rachel Phelps appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

The dog treat aisle of your favorite pet store is undoubtedly filled with rawhide chews in various shapes, sizes, flavors and brands. Despite its popularity, there are conflicting opinions about rawhide for dogs based on how it’s made, whether it’s safe for your dog and what alternatives exist. Fortunately, if you wish to avoid rawhide chews altogether, there are many great rawhide alternatives including things like dental chews and bully sticks. Let’s paw through it.

What is rawhide?

Rawhide chews are dried animal skins, made from the leftovers of the leather industry. Rawhide is the inner layer (hypodermic interstitial tissue) of cow, horse and pork hides and is separated at the slaughterhouse.

How is rawhide made?

Most rawhide is made overseas, and it’s preserved in a high-salt brine to slow decay during transport. When it’s ready for processing, it’s treated with lime to separate the fat from the hide, and then other chemicals are used for hair removal. Next, it’s rinsed and, if needed, bleached to appear whiter and cover the signs of decay. Afterward, the hide is sanitized, usually in a hydrogen peroxide bath, rolled into sticks, or shredded and molded into a shape, and dried. Finally, the rawhide is packaged and shipped to stores.

Where is rawhide made?

Today, there are only about 30 U.S. tanneries in operation. Most tanneries use an enormous amount of water and produce large volumes of wastewater. As a result, a majority of rawhide products are made in China, Mexico and South America, which have fewer environmental law restrictions.

U.S. rawhide products tend to be fresher because they travel a shorter distance by truck, instead of across the ocean on container ships, and are frozen for transport instead of placed in salt brine.

Photo 2: Dog rawhide chews are made typically made from cow and pork hides and come in many sizes and shapes. ©Rachel Phelps

Should I give my dog rawhide?

Most dogs are a fan of this popular go-to chew. Their owners are too, because

• Rawhide satisfies a dog’s natural instinct to chew. It is an excellent positive alternative to your pup chewing up your shoes, TV remotes, furniture and other household items.
• It helps keep a dog’s teeth clean. Rawhide acts like a doggie toothbrush that helps reduce plaque and tartar buildup and keeps their gums healthy.
• Canines have been eating dried animal hides for thousands of years, so it is a great way to encourage a dog’s scavenging instinct and stimulate your dog.
• Rawhides are inexpensive treats.

Is rawhide bad for my dog?

Dog rawhide chews are made typically made from cow and pork hides and come in many sizes and shapes. ©Rachel Phelps

Of course, there is always a downside, even to dog chews.

• Due to the manufacturing process, there can be trace elements of toxic chemicals and bacteria contamination, such as Salmonella or coli, that could make you or your dog ill.
• Your dog may be sensitive to rawhide or even allergic to the chemicals used to make it. This could lead to digestive issues such as diarrhea.
• Rawhide chews can be a choking hazard. Not only can rawhide cause serious gastrointestinal upset, explains Dr. Whitney Bruce, partner veterinarian at Wills Animal Hospital in Owensboro, Kentucky, but they can even lead to emergency surgeries. Pets can suffer obstruction, or a serious blockage of their stomach or intestines, which can result in death if not treated appropriately, says Dr Bruce.
• Rawhide can cause tooth breakage. The rawhide is hard and dense once dried and rolled into dog chews. If a dog is an aggressive chewer, or already has damaged teeth, chewing the tough hide could lead to teeth breaking or cracking – sometimes requiring surgery to remove the broken teeth. The rawhide could also cause cuts and scratches in the mouth and esophagus.
• There may be subpar quality and a lack of safety standards at the manufacturing plant. Since most rawhides are made in China, they do not have to abide by the U.S. laws concerning product purity and safety. Also, the tanners are not required to disclose or recall products that may be unsafe.

What are rawhide alternatives?

There are many excellent rawhide chew alternatives. These products are typically made from ingredients more easily digestible than rawhide but have a similar look and texture. Since rawhide is not recommended for dogs under six months of age due to teeth breakage and smaller mouths and digestive tracts, these alternatives are great for a teething puppy.

• Beef and Pig Ears – Bring out your dog’s natural scavenging instinct with flavor-packed natural ears. The Farm Hound brand even has ears that still have the hair on them. This hair acts as a digestive aid and a natural dewormer. However, ears in general, have higher fat, so they are not suitable for canines who require a low-fat diet. $3.49 – $6.99. 
• Bully Sticks – These single – ingredient sticks are a highly digestible chew made from beef pizzle (a muscle). These sticks come in various sizes, shapes, flavors and even three braided sticks. $2.09 – $13.09 
• Cod Skin Rolls – These low odor chews from Tickled Pet are great for many dogs with allergies. These chews are made with only one ingredient, dehydrated salmon skin, and are full of healthy Omega-3 oils. Available in eight to 10 roll packages for $16.99. 
• Collagen Chews – Collagen is a protein found in the skin’s inner layer called the corium. It is one of the critical components in an animal’s connective tissue. “Collagen chews are excellent for your furry friend as it provides protein that is naturally abundant in your pet’s body,” explains Traci Mierzwa, brand manager for the Barkworthies dog chew brand. “While rawhides provide a great distraction to your pet, our 100% digestible collagen chews are minimally processed to ensure the key nutrients are there to promote healthy skin and coat, aid in bone and joint health, and the simple act of chewing prevents tartar and plaque buildup.” Chews start at $9.99. 
• Dental Chews – One of the big benefits of a rawhide is to keep your dog’s teeth clean and tartar free. There are some great rawhide chew alternatives designed specifically for dental health, like the brand Loving Pets Ora-Bone Dental Treats. Their unique design features a central bulb that cleans behind the dog’s teeth and the roof of the mouth while the nibs massage gums and scrape the tongue. These chews come in three sizes. Ten chews for $13.99. 
• Tough Toys – Goughnuts brand dog toys are made for the most aggressive chewers. These 100% natural rubber toys are perfect for the toughest chewers and have a lifetime guarantee. These even have a chew toy safety indicator (a colored rubber strip in the center) that lets you know when it’s time to replace the toy. According to president and founder Amy Rockwood, the rubber recipes are developed by an in-house engineer, and the molds are designed for even the toughest chewers. The toys are available in different strength levels for all different sizes and types of chewers. $10-$25 each.

Dogs should always be supervised when chewing on rawhide – no matter what chew you pick – in case they gag or choke on the item. If the chew becomes too small (small enough for your dog to swallow it whole), take it from your dog immediately and promptly dispose of it.

Now that you understand how rawhide chews are made, the benefits of giving rawhide and the potential risks, plus the many great rawhide alternatives, you can make a better-informed decision on the best chew for your pet.

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What Is Dry Shampoo for Dogs?

The post What Is Dry Shampoo for Dogs? by Melissa L. Kauffman appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

Dry shampoo or waterless shampoo for dogs cleans dogs’ coats without getting them wet, and soaks up oil and dirt, leaving the coat clean smelling. Dogs that don’t like to get bathed will love this dry shampoo. Tammy Siert, award-winning professional dog groomer and Global Educator for grooming company Andis, tells Dogster that dry and waterless shampoos are a great way for a quick clean up on your pet. However, that doesn’t mean your dog doesn’t ever need a wet bath.

Does dry shampoo work better on some dog coats?

Both dry and waterless dog shampoo can be used on any breed or coat type, says Tammy. She gives this tip: If you have a breed that has a lot of coat, make sure to brush the coat after applying.

How do you use dog dry shampoo?

Dry shampoo is usually powder-based and is great for an area on your pet that may have some oily or greasy skin or hair, explains Tammy. She says to:

• Spray it directly on the area to help absorb any excess oil
• Brush the coat after

How do you use dog waterless shampoo?

Tammy explains that waterless shampoo is usually a liquid or foam and therefore will wet the coat and can be used as a quick solution when your pet comes in with muddy feet or has a dirty butt. This type of shampoo is very easy to use, and you won’t have to worry about wetting the coat prior or rinsing it out of the coat after.

Dog dry and waterless shampoo tips

Brush your dog’s coat after using dry or waterless dog shampoo advises Tammy Siert, award-winning professional dog groomer and Global Educator for grooming company Andis. ©Courtesy Andis

Dogster asked Tammy for some quick tips on using these products. Here’s what she told us:

1. Always read the manufacturer’s directions on how to apply either dry or waterless shampoo. Both are to be used as a quick fix for those times when you’re too busy to give your dog a full bath.
2. Each of these types of shampoos will leave a residue in the coat, so when you have time to give the full bath or visit your professional groomer you should.
3. Dry shampoo if used too much can clog the pores and hair follicles leaving your dog with unhealthy skin and coat. Water baths are the only way to remove dirt and environmental allergens from your dog’s skin and coat, keeping is healthy and smelling good.

Is human dry shampoo safe for dogs?

Dog dry shampoo is especially made for dogs — don’t use human dry shampoo on your dog as it may have ingredients harmful to your dog. Look for waterless or dry dog shampoos that have natural ingredients.

A few examples of dry or waterless dog shampoo available today are:

• $25.00. Rowan The Dry Shampoo
• $15.95. Pawstruck No-Rinse Dog Shampoo
• $17.36. Lillian Russ Waterless Shampoo

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What You Should Know About Trazodone for Dogs

The post What You Should Know About Trazodone for Dogs by Arden Moore appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

Trazodone is rising up the ranks as veterinarians’ go-to medication to help dogs of all ages and breeds contend with behavioral issues, including anxiety, noise phobias and stress. This antidepressant is regarded as a relatively safe and effective medication to tone down worried and frightened dogs and cats.

What is trazodone for dogs?

In technical terms, trazodone is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Its mission is to enable the feel-good hormone serotonin to work harder and more efficiently in a dog’s brain to help him feel less stressed and calmer.

Generally, trazodone is prescribed for dogs with situational anxiety, such as when their levels of fear, anxiety and stress escalate during specific times and events, according to Dr. Robin Downing, founder of the Downing Center for Animal Pain Management and director of the Windsor Veterinary Clinic in Windsor, Colorado. Dr. Downing is recognized as an international leader in animal pain management.

Is Trazodone used for people?

Trazodone, which is the generic name (the brand names are Desyrel and Oleptro), was initially used in human medication for patients dealing with schizophrenia and major depression. While it is not approved for use in companion animals by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, trazodone is often prescribed for dogs and cats by veterinarians a what is called an “off-label” drug.

According to Dr. Lisa Radosta, a board-certified veterinary behaviorist who operates the Florida Veterinary Behavior Service in Southeast Florida, trazodone is commonly administered to dogs as a white tablet. Doses vary based on the pet’s size and other factors. Less commonly, trazodone is prescribed in liquid or capsule forms, she adds.

When is trazodone prescribed for dogs?

Trazodone is often prescribed to aid dogs facing these scenarios:

• Visibly and uncontrollably shaking, drooling and maybe even urinating in a veterinary lobby while awaiting examination. These heightened stress symptoms continue during the veterinary examination.
• Predicted loud events, such as a looming thunderstorm or Fourth of July fireworks celebrations within earshot of dogs who fear such sounds.
• Expected visit to a stranger’s home, where a shy dog may cower and shiver during introductions.
• Scheduled repairs or home improvements by a construction team that will alter the layout of the home, create loud noises from tools and give off unfamiliar scents to the family’s anxious dog.
• Planned family vacations by car. The long hours on the road and overnight stays in pet-welcoming lodgings can make some dogs stressed and anxious from the unfamiliar sights, sounds and smells.
• Following a surgery in which the dog needs to rest and have limited activity in order to completely heal.

Is there any research on trazodone for dogs?

In a 2016 study published in the AVMA Journal, a team of veterinarians led by Dr. Shana Gilbert-Gregory tested the effects of trazodone treatment for stress exhibited by hospitalized dogs. In the study, half of the 120 dogs were given trazodone, the other half were not. It was noted that dogs given trazodone displayed less frenetic behaviors, such as lip licking, panting and whining, than dogs not given the medication.

Dogster reached out to leading veterinarians, who shared more details about trazodone and how to safely give it to your dog.

How much trazodone should I give my dog?

Trazodone is sold per tablet and requires a prescription. It is available as 50-, 100- and 150-milligrams sizes.

What is the best way to give trazodone to your dog?

Trazodone is a slow-release medication, so have your dog swallow the pill whole, instead of crushing it up. Follow this with food. An empty stomach hastens the absorption of trazodone in the body, which could make your dog feel nauseated and drowsy.

How should I safely store trazodone?

Veterinarians recommend that you keep the prescription in its airtight bottle out of paw’s reach, such as in a kitchen drawer. Do not leave it on a counter in direct sunlight. It does not need to be refrigerated.

How long until it takes effect?

In general, the peak effect of trazodone can take up to three hours, depending on the dog, according to Dr. Downing. Although you can’t always predict stress-triggering events like a sudden thunderstorm, you can plan the dose for expected stressful situations, such as the arrival of houseguests or a trip to the veterinary clinic.

How often can I give my dog trazodone?

This medicine can be safely given once a day or as needed, depending on your dog’s behavioral issues and the veterinarian’s prescription instructions. But it is not recommended to give a dose more than every eight hours. Some dogs only need this medication as a single, situational dose to calm them. If trazodone is used every day, it can lose its effectiveness over time.

What happens if I skip a dose or accidentally give my dog extra doses of trazodone?

If you forget to give your dog a scheduled daily dose, do not double up on the next dose, cautions Dr. Downing. Giving extra doses of trazodone can be dangerous. If your dog does receive multiple extra doses over a period of days, contact your veterinarian promptly for treatment recommendations.

How will my dog act after being given trazodone?

Most dogs will appear to be relaxed and calm. Some, however, can resemble a person who is a bit tipsy after drinking alcohol, describes Dr. Downing. That is why she instructs pet parents to restrict any dogs acting “tipsy” from activities requiring balance and focus, such as swimming, running, hiking, fetching and climbing.

Dr. Radosta adds that trazodone is prescribed to act as a “chill pill” in dogs, at times reducing emotional distress. It is not a sedative and does not make the dog feel or act like a four-legged zombie.

How long does trazodone stay in my dog’s system?

Trazodone is a short-acting medication that should lose effectiveness within 24 hours. However, dogs with kidney or liver issues may experience longer effects.

What are trazodone’s side effects?

Some dogs can experience vomiting, diarrhea, upset stomachs, constipation, dizziness and changes in appetite when taking trazodone. Some dogs may display dilated pupils or lethargy. Contact your veterinarian if your dog experiences any of these symptoms at the onset before they become severe.

Is there any drug that works well in concert with trazodone?

Sometimes, trazodone is not quite enough to be effective in relieving stress and anxiety, and your veterinarian may also prescribe gabapentin, which is an anticonvulsant, or an anti-seizure medicine. Like trazodone, gabapentin is prescribed “off-label” to dogs by veterinarians.

Trazodone and gabapentin complement each other and work in different pathways in the body, explains Dr. Downing.

Can my dog take other medications with trazodone?

There are many medications that can interact with trazodone in dogs, but unless you are giving your dog trazodone regularly, there shouldn’t be any health issues from a once-in-a-while use, says Dr. Downing.

That said, drug interactions can occur if your dog is also on the following medications:

• Diuretics (commonly prescribed for dogs retaining excessive fluid or dealing with congestive heart failure)
• Some anti-hypertension drugs to control blood pressure
• Metoclopramide, an anti-vomiting drug used to treat acid reflux, nausea and vomiting
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as meloxicam or carprofen, used to ease joint pain, swelling and stiffness
• Tramadol, an opioid used to manage pain, including post-surgical and osteoarthritis in dogs

Herbal supplements that contain St. John’s Wort can also cause an adverse reaction, adds Dr. Downing.

What are other examples of “off-label” SSRIs that may be prescribed to dogs dealing with behavior disorders?

A popular SSRI is fluoxetine, which is found in Prozac and Reconcile.

Do non-prescription calming options work?

There is a growing number of companies manufacturing calming chews and oils that may reduce anxiety in some dogs. Ingredients typically include organic hemp seed oil, chamomile, ginger root, valerian root, melatonin and passion flower, which are all known for calming properties. Discuss these supplements with your veterinarian as dogs react differently to these ingredients.

What other non-medication options can be used to compliment trazodone?

Some dogs benefit from acupressure sessions, which release feel-good endorphins naturally, says Dr. Downing. Another option is a compression garment, such as ThunderShirt, that applies a steady pressure on their torsos, much like receiving a loving hug.

Adaptil gives off calming faux canine pheromones through a collar, spray or diffuser form, adds Dr. Radosta. Always consult your veterinarian before considering any of these options.

How can I tell if my dog is stressed?

Highly stressed dogs are easy to spot: They tend to whine or attempt to flee the situation by hiding or trying to dart out the door.

Stress happens to everyone, including people and dogs. The key is how you deal with it, says Dr. Radosta. Here are more-subtle signs that your dog might be scared or stressed:

• Acting clingy
• Squinting or blinking his eyes
• Licking his lips
• Lifting his front paw
• Pacing
• Refusing treats
• Shaking his body
• Suddenly shedding heavily
• Turning his head
• Yawning

How trazodone helped my dog, Bujeau

When I got married five years ago, we took the time to properly introduce our cats and dogs to one another. Among them was my spouse’s gentle giant of a dog named Bujeau. She was a 90-pound Bernese Mountain Dog mix who loved cats and was generally mellow except for two triggers – thunderstorms and veterinary visits. She had developed severe noise phobia from the loud, booming thunderstorms typical in Dallas, Texas, and she went into major panic mode by drooling, shaking and even piddling when entering the veterinary clinic for even routine exams. She tried to squeeze her mountain of a body under my chair in the lobby.

Working with my veterinarian, Dr. Debora Charles of the Casa Linda Animal Clinic, we decided that Bujeau would greatly benefit from trazodone before predictable events that caused her panic.

Trazodone was a positive game changer for Bujeau. I gave her a tablet about 90 minutes before a storm or vet visit. I also paired the trazodone with a high-grade treat, usually small pieces of boiled chicken, to help counter condition her association with these stress triggers.

Trazodone was a success. Bujeau even remained calm and mellow while being bathed, brushed and trimmed by the professional pet groomer at the veterinary clinic.

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Arden Moore is a pet behavior consultant, master certified pet first aid instructor, best-selling author, host of Arden Moore’s Four Legged Life national radio show and host of the Oh Behave Show on Pet Life Radio. Learn more at www.ardenmoore.com.

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Why Dogs Eat Poop and How to Stop Dogs from Eating Poop

The post Why Dogs Eat Poop and How to Stop Dogs from Eating Poop by Karen Hendricks appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

Do dogs really eat poop? Yes, and not for the reasons you might think. Here’s the lowdown on why dogs eat poop, how to tell if your dog is sick and the truth about natural remedies to make your dog stop eating poop.

Is it normal for dogs to eat poop?

When dogs eat poop, it is actually a common behavior — especially among puppies and young dogs, according to Dr. Alex Yeager, an emergency veterinarian with VCA Alameda East Veterinary Hospital in Denver, Colorado. She says the behavior, called coprophagia, which may seem repulsive to humans, is similar to toddlers putting everything in their mouths — it’s a way to learn about the world around them. But with dogs, there can be deeper, underlying medical issues. Let’s take a closer look at some of those reasons.

Why do dogs eat poop?

Dogs eat poop because they are following another dog’s example, it’s an attention-seeking behavior or or they have anxiety. Female dogs commonly eat poop after they’ve given birth. The new mother may eat her puppies’ poop to keep the den clean. And she often licks her puppies to stimulate their need to poop. Sometimes her pups simply follow her example and begin the habit.

But for other dogs, eating poop can be an attention-seeking behavioral issue, even when the seemingly dirty habit triggers negative reinforcement from their pet parent, says Dr. Yeager.

Anxiety or stress may also be factors. Dr. Yeager explains, have found connections between coprophagia and dogs exposed to harsh potty training methods. The thinking is that some dogs try to eat their poo before their pet parent discovers it and punishes them. They’re trying to hide the evidence, and eating it is their way of getting rid of it. This can even happen inside a crate, where it can become a learned behavior. Dogs kept in isolation may eat their poop as a result of feeling highly stressed and neglected.

My dog is eating his poop — is he sick?

There are several medical conditions that could be linked to dogs eating poop — coprophagia. Make an appointment with your veterinarian to check into, or rule out, these issues:

• The possibility of parasites in the dog’s gastrointestinal tract
• Endocrine diseases, like Cushing’s Disease.
• Malabsorption of nutrients
• Digestive enzyme levels that are off

Some of these conditions have a straightforward treatment, such as deworming. Other times, it’s a temporary issue — dogs on steroids are extremely prone to coprophagia and will snack on anything they can find, including poop.

Is there any research on why dogs eat poop?

There isn’t a ton of research on this habit. If only we knew exactly what dogs are thinking!

But researchers at University of California, Davis surveyed thousands of dog owners in a 2018 study, that utilized data from previous studies to shed some light on the subject. During the study, they discovered about a quarter of the dogs ate poop at least one time in a six-month period. Meanwhile, about 16% of dogs were obsessive poopy eaters, eating more than six times. And they formed a tentative theory that the habit might be traced back to the ancestors of our canine companions — wolves.

Other findings include coprophagia being more common among female dogs, multi-dog households, dogs diagnosed with anxiety, dogs living in crowded or high-volume shelters and among dogs labeled greedy eaters — those that steal food from their fellow doggos.

How to stop a dog from eating poop

To stop dogs from eating poop, keep the yard clean. ©Grace Cary/Getty Images

For anxious dogs, anti-anxiety medications prescribed by your vet can he a huge help, says Dr. Yeager, to help your dog stop eating poop. If the issue is behavioral, it may take some time and patience, but experts agree that dogs can un-learn poop-eating.

Rhonda Renwick, a dog trainer accredited through the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants (IAABC), volunteers her training services to the nonprofit Harrisburg’s Great Dog Program based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. She’s used to helping other pet parents with their dogs’ behavioral issues.

So, when one of Rhonda’s own dogs, Bella, began eating poop, Rhonda did two things: she taught Bella the cue “leave it” and she became a backyard stalker. That is, she watched Bella do her business, as often as she could. And if Bella approached her poop, as if to eat it, Rhonda tried to be consistent by telling her to leave it. And here’s the most important part: When Bella listened to Rhonda and walked away from the poop, Rhonda heaped on the praise.

Bella thrived on that positive reinforcement, which eventually helped her kick the habit. Rhonda encourages fellow pet parents to develop an emotional bank account with their dogs. Investing in the relationship with your dog will pay dividends, if training is ever needed. It’s a way of recognizing that you love your dog, even when you don’t love one of his behaviors like poop eating.

Do home remedies stop dog from eating poop?

There are several products on the market that claim, when fed to dogs, will make their poop taste terrible, but Dr. Yeager says these products don’t actually help dogs kick the habit. Furthermore, she warns pet parents to check the ingredients, because some of these products contain garlic and onion, which are toxic to dogs. While they’re often billed as a quick fix, these products could do more harm than good.

Will diet changes help?

Sometimes your dog’s food isn’t satisfying him or providing enough nutrition. Investigate whether your dog might have a nutritional deficiency by talking to your veterinarian about high-quality, well-formulated food recommendations. Switching your dog’s food could put an end to his poop-eating days.

What should I do if my dog is eating cat poop?

To prevent this, Dr. Yeager says keep the litter boxes clean and scooped. Additionally, putting the litter boxes inside protective bins could solve the problem. The bins simply prevent dogs’ access to the kitty poop.

How do I stop my dog from eating poop in the crate?

This habit could have developed when your dog was housebroken, or a behavior he learned under stress within a crowded shelter. Shelter dogs should have access to both indoor and outdoor areas, but unfortunately not all shelters function this way. That’s according to Natahnee Miller, an associate certified IAABC member, who previously worked as a director of behavior care for a large shelter.

Natahnee offers the following tips to end poopy eating habits:

• Try to manage the problem by keeping the yard clean.
• Go outside with your dog, pick up the poop as soon as possible and take it away.
• If you catch your dog attempting to eat his poop, interrupt him and re-direct him in the moment until you have the next tip underway.
• Train them to a strong “leave it” cue.

Keep a clean space for your dog

Keep your doggy’s living area as clean as possible, including the yard. Dogs are more likely to go after old, hard poop that’s been cooking in the sun, versus fresh poop, says Dr. Yeager. She also encourages pet parents to take frequent, supervised walks with their dogs, because walk-induced poop captured in doggie bags will keep the yard cleaner, decrease the chance of future poop snacking and you’ll also enjoy healthy exercise together for a win-win-win.

In conclusion, although there’s still a lot we don’t understand about why dogs eat poop, there are many solutions for pet parents to pursue. Patience and consistency are key, along with a reminder of how much you ultimately love your dog.

The post Why Dogs Eat Poop and How to Stop Dogs from Eating Poop by Karen Hendricks appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

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